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Copied with permission Soya Tech Daily e-News dated 1/16/12

US Warships Run on Algae Oil in Trial to Cut Emissions

Guardian (UK) -- January 14, 2012 -- Giant cargo boats and US Navy warships have been successfully powered on oil derived from genetically modified algae in a move which could herald a revolution in the fuel used by the world's fleets - and a reduction in the pollution they cause.

The results of substituting algal oil for low-grade, "bunker" fuel and diesel in a 98,000-tonne container ship are still being evaluated by Maersk, the world's biggest shipping company, which last week tested 30
tones of oil supplied by the US Navy in a vessel traveling from Europe to India. Last month, the navy tested 20,000 gallons of algal fuel on a decommissioned destroyer for a few hours. Both ran their trials on a mix of algal oil - between 7% and 100% - and conventional bunker fuel.

"The tests are not complete yet, but we had very few problems," a Maersk spokesman said.

Collaboration between the world's two biggest shipping fleets is expected to lead to the deployment of renewable marine fuels. Maersk uses more than $6bn of bunker fuel a year for its 1,300 ships, and the US
Navy, the world's biggest single user of marine fuels, burns around 40m barrels of oil a year. The navy plans to test more ships on algal fuel next year as part of its "green fleet" initiative and has pledged to cut 50% of its conventional oil use a year by 2020. Maersk hopes to achieve similar cuts in the same time.

"Shipping takes 350m
tones of oil a year and causes 3-4% of all greenhouse gas emissions, so it is very attractive to find alternatives. We can envisage [the world's] ships being 10% or more powered by biofuels in 20 years' time," Jacob Sterling, the Maersk head of climate and environment, said.

The exact nature of the algae, one of
30,000 single-cell organisms known to exist in the wild, is a secret closely guarded by Solazyme, the company that manufactures the fuel in giant fermentation tanks in Pennsylvania. The fast-growing algae are fed crop or forest waste and convert their sugars to oil.

"The technology is there. The question now is how to scale up," Tyler Painterm, the chief finance officer of Solazyme, which has a contract to produce 450,000 gallons of biofuels for the navy's trial, said. "We have tested thousands of algae, found in swamps, in mountains and at sea and we know we can be competitive."

Unlike early biofuels, which made transport fuel from food crops, the new "second generation" process uses only plant waste and does not displace foods which could be fed to people or animals. Nevertheless, immense amounts of feedstock would be needed to power the world's ships. Maersk estimates it could take the crop waste of an area half the size of Denmark to completely power its ships.

But even a partial switch to algal oils would massively reduce air pollution. Bunker fuel, which is little more than asphalt, can produce as much pollution from a single ship in a year as 50m cars and is the most polluting fuel in the world.
$6 billion is Maersk's annual bill for bunker fuel to power its 1,300 ships. It hopes a move to renewable fuels will help cut back on emissions

Author: John Vidal

(c) 2012 Guardian Newspapers Limited.

 

 

By Stephen Lacey, Editor


April 13, 2011   |   American politicians act like children when it comes to crafting energy policy, says former Shell President John Hofmeister. And it needs to stop.

 

The last month was a big one for energy. Oil prices reached two-and-a-half year highs; Japan dealt with a nuclear power plant on the verge of a meltdown; the one-year anniversary of the Gulf Oil disaster neared; and the International Energy Agency, historically known as an interest group for oil producing nations, issued a report calling a more aggressive build-out of clean energy to offset declining oil production and climate change.

 

And what did policy makers in Washington, DC do?

The House of Representatives passed a bill stripping the Environmental Protection Agency's ability to regulate greenhouse gas emissions; Republicans in the House and the Senate crafted legislation that would abandon a 2007 law – signed by then-President Bush and supported by lightbulb manufacturers – that created better efficiency standards for lightbulbs through 2014; and in a final dig to Democrats, Republicans repealed the Greening the Capitol Initiative and brought back Styrofoam cups and plastic utensils to the cafeteria in place of biodegradable ones.

With the geopolitical, environmental and social consequences of our energy choices mounting, it seems policymakers still can't get beyond tit-for-tat politics and make serious decisions.

“Both sides have taken out their fiddles, and they're fiddling...while Rome burns,” says John Hofmeister, the former President of Shell Oil, founder of Americans for Affordable Energy and author of the book, Why We Hate the Oil Companies.

“I see every evidence that these folks are going to stumble and bumble, and fight one another like kindergarten children...That's not good enough. We need to do better,” he says.

Since Richard Nixon first proposed becoming energy independent in the mid-seventies, we've gone through eight presidents and 19 congresses – with very little to show for it. Although the scale of biofuels, wind, solar and geothermal is much greater today than it was 35 years ago, the U.S. is further away from energy independence than ever.

Hofmeister says both parties are to blame.

On the left (which he calls the “Ludicrous Left”), the aversion to hydrocarbons of any kind creates unrealistic expectations about how quickly the energy system will shift. Hofmeister believes renewables should be developed as quickly as possible for environmental and energy-security reasons, but also believes that coal, oil and gas will continue to be an important part of the mix for economic reasons.

On the right (which he calls the “Reckless Right”), the lack of attention to competitive renewable alternatives means that we fail to create a consistent environment for long-term investment, thus perpetuating an antiquated energy system in need of serious reform and allowing environmental problems to mount.

“What the political parties have done is create an either/or mantra for the future of energy...but it's good politics. So we're letting 'good politics' determine our energy and environmental future...I'm offended by the lack of attention to the nation's needs.”

The closest thing Americans have gotten to a comprehensive energy plan is Obama's “Sputnik Speech” in January's State of the Union address, in which he called for 80% clean energy by 2035. But Hofmeister says there's a big difference between a vision and a plan. Obama may have a vision, he says. But he does not have a comprehensive plan to achieve that vision.

So how could government create a fair, long-term plan in such a partisan atmosphere? Take the responsibilities out of the hands of Congress.

Since his book was released, Hofmeister has been traveling the country advocating for an independent regulatory body, called the Federal Energy Resources System, that would control energy policy much like the Federal Reserve manages monetary issues. Members of the commission would hold 14-year terms and would not be influenced by the political winds of the day.

Rather than rely on the dozens of executive and congressional agencies that currently formulate policy, the Federal Energy Resources System could dictate infrastructure investments, incentive levels, energy quality standards, permitting and siting requirements, as well as address environmental and scientific issues that get politicized by lawmakers.

It's a great idea in theory, but it hasn't gotten much traction in Washington yet.

“Policymakers and K Street lobbyists hate what I'm proposing,” says Hofmeister. “It takes away their authority...If 19 Congresses can't get the job done, don't tell me the 20th Congress will – I don't believe you. I think we've proven this isn't going to work.”

Meanwhile, as the political mess in Washington gets worse, business leaders in the clean energy space – one of the fastest growing sectors in the U.S. – are finding it difficult to plan beyond the end of the year when federal incentives may again come to a halt.

We may not have a comprehensive energy strategy to keep America competitive. But at least members of Congress can rest easy knowing that they're upholding the American Way of Life by clutching onto their incandescent lightbulbs and plastic silverware.

 

 

 
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